Gum disease
Periodontal disease is a bacterial infection of the gums, bone and ligaments that support the teeth and anchor them to the jaw. Bacteria in the mouth form a film of dental plaque that sticks to the teeth (tartar). This bacteria produces toxins, which stimulate the immune system to fight the infection. If the disease process is not stopped the supporting structures of the teeth will continue to be destroyed eventually leading to tooth loss.
Over half of all people over 18 have some form of periodontitis and by 35, 75% of people are affected.
Gingivitis
This is the initial stage of periodontitis where the gum tissue becomes infected. Gums become red and swollen and may bleed easily. The underlying bone levels are unaffected.
Periodontitis
Is classified as being mild, moderate or severe depending on the amount of destruction to the gums, ligaments and bones that surround the teeth. As the disease progresses gums separate from the teeth and form gum pockets. These pockets get deeper as more underlying bone is destroyed. Gum pockets will collect increasing amounts of bacterial plaque and calculus (tartar) as the disease process worsens. Teeth will loosen, as more bone is lost. Factors that can cause periodontitis include smoking, crowded teeth, the grinding of teeth, hormonal change (including pregnancy, menstruation and menopause), diet, blood diseases, diabetes, and some medications.